Microfluidic Chip and Flow Cytometry for Examination of the Antiplatelet Effect of Ticagrelor / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To examine the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor by microfluidic chip and flow cytometry under shear stress in vitro. Methods Microfluidic chip was used to examine the effect of ticagrelor on platelet aggregation at the shear rates of 300/s and 1500/s.We adopted the surface coverage of platelet aggregation to calculate the half inhibition rate of ticagrelor.The inhibitory effect of ticagrelor on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was verified by optical turbidimetry.Microfluidic chip was used to construct an in vitro vascular stenosis model,with which the platelet reactivity under high shear rate was determined.Furthermore,the effect of ticagrelor on the expression of fibrinogen receptor (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62P) on platelet membrane activated by high shear rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results At the shear rates of 300/s and 1500/s,ticagrelor inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner,and the inhibition at 300/s was stronger than that at 1500/s (both P<0.001).Ticagrelor at a concentration ≥4 μmol/L almost completely inhibited platelet aggregation.The inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by ticagrelor was similar to the results under flow conditions and also in a concentration-dependent manner.Ticagrelor inhibited the expression of PAC-1 and CD62P. Conclusion We employed microfluidic chip to analyze platelet aggregation and flow cytometry to detect platelet activation,which can reveal the responses of different patients to ticagrelor.

Quality evaluation of Styrax based on quantitative determination of 7 chemical components using HPLC wavelength switching method and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

In order to evaluate the quality of Styrax more comprehensively,this study attempted to establish an HPLC wavelength switching method to simultaneously determine the content of seven compounds in Styrax,and chemometrics were used to analyze the quality difference between different sources of Styrax,and finally establish a characteristic chromatogram of Styrax. The column was Agilent ZORBAX Extend C18( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with phase a mixture of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase in a gradient elution procedure; the detection wavelength was set as follows: 0-13. 5 min,194 nm( benzoic acid);13. 5-20. 5 min,278 nm( cinnamic acid); 20. 5-32 min,194 nm( benzyl benzoate,benzyl cinnamate,cinnamyl cinnamate,dehydroabietic acid); 32-55 min,241 nm( abietic acid). The methodological verification results showed that when the injection masses of benzoic acid,cinnamic acid,benzyl benzoate,benzyl cinnamate,cinnamyl cinnamate,dehydroabietic acid and abietic acid were0. 006 948-0. 694 8,0. 001 426-0. 142 6,0. 013 16-0. 658 0,0. 006 148-0. 614 8,0. 008 035-0. 803 5,0. 002 121-0. 212 1,and0. 010 172-1. 017 2 μg,respectively,there were good linear relationship between injection mass and peak area. The average recovery rates of seven compounds were in the range from 94. 34% to 105. 8%,and all RSD were less than 3. 0%( n = 6). The methodological verification results showed that the developed HPLC wavelength switching method has good accuracy and repeatability. The results of the sample analysis showed that the quality of Styrax from different sources was quite different. The chromatogram of Styrax reference material( S1) was used as the reference chromatogram to calculate the fingerprint similarity of each batch of samples. The results showed that the similarities of samples S2-S10 were 0. 952,0. 949,0. 981,0. 351,0. 751,0. 969,0. 979,0. 992 and 0. 971,respectively.The similarity values of other batches samples were satisfactory,except for sample S5 and S6,indicating that the quality difference among these samples is small. The similarity values of S11-S20 were 0. 060,0. 055,0. 054,0. 285,0. 092,0. 002,0. 044,0. 044,0. 044,and 0. 040,respectively. The results showed that compared with the sample S1,there was a large quality difference among S11-S20. Based on the chromatograms of S1-S10,the HPLC characteristic chromatograms of Styrax was established and the purpose is to give reference to other pharmaceutical researchers. The newly developed HPLC wavelength switching method have the advantages of simplicity,reproducibility and specificity,and the developed HPLC characteristic chromatograms provided a reference method for the overall quality evaluation of Styrax.

Bone Metabolism in Epileptic Patients with Oxcarbazepine Monotherapy: A Systematic Review / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the bone metabolism in the epileptic patients receiving oxcarbazepine monotherapy. METHODS: Literatures were searched from Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and CBM database. The included studies were all cohort studies. The quality of studies was evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS scale). Meta-analysis was performed by the Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan5.3. RESULTS: Eleven cohort studies were included, all of which were high quality researches (7-8 according to NOS scale). Compared with the control group, serum calcium and 25-OH-VitD declined in the OXC group (P0.05). In more than half a year of therapy, the serum calcium level in the OXC group was lower than the control group (P0.05). For children in the OXC group, both the serum calcium and 25-OH-VitD were decreased (P0.05). Besides, all of the serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin were not statistically different between the OXC and control groups (P>0.05). In more than half a year of therapy, parathyroid hormone rose above the control group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Oxcarbazepine may reduce serum calcium and serum 25-OH-VitD, especially for children. Regardless of age, the serum 25-OH-VitD may decline in less than half a year of therapy, while the serum calcium may decline and parathyroid hormone may increase in more than half a year of therapy. Oxcarbazepine had no significant effect on the serum phosphorus, osteocalcin and bone mineral density. All of the included studies in this article are cohort studies with certain limitations as a result of bias risk.

Preliminary study on general regulations for processing of different processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs in China / 中国中药杂志

General regulations for the processing are the important part of processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs. It has an important significance on enhancing the operability of actual production, regulating production of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, improving quality and establishing drug safety. The article could provides suggestions and reference for future compilation work on "National processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs" by comparative analysis and summary on general regulations for the processing of different processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs in China.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy for observing difference in synthesizing exopolysaccharide by highly cariogenic clinical and standard strains of biofilm Streptococcus mutans / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To observe the different abilities in synthesizing exopolysaccharides between biofilm cells of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) clinical isolate 593 and standard stain S. mutans ATCC 25175 (serotype c). Methods S. mutans biofilm specimens were formed on the polystyrene plastic sheets for 3, 12and 20 h. The exopolysacchasides was stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A and were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The amounts of exopolysaccharides produced by adhesive S. mutans in 3-24 h were determined by the anthrone method. Results The green fluorescence in strain 593 group was stronger and wider than that in the S. mutans ATCC 25175 group, with significant differences found for the amounts of water-soluble glucans during 3-20 h and water-insoluble glucans during 3-16 h (P<0.05). Conclusion The synthesis of exopolysaccharides during formation of biofilm increases with time in both clinical and standard strains of S. mutans. However, the stronger synthesizing ability of strain 593 in the early biofilm formation stage (3-16 h) may be the reason for its higher cariogenic ability, indicating that the clinical isolates may be more sensitive in studying the mechanism of caries pathogenesis.

Protein expression by planktonic and biofilm cells of clinical isolations of Streptococcus mutans / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in the surface-associated protein expression of planktonic cells and biofilm cells of clinical isolations of Streptococcus mutans (Sm).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proteins were extracted by the method of Homer from the nonadhered planktonic and the adhered biofilm cells and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by image analysis. Proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry and computer-assisted protein sequence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Image analysis revealed that 30% - 31% of the protein spots in biofilm was modulated. A total of 238 proteins changed 1.3-fold or greater in biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells in Sm18, with 5 only expressed in biofilm cells and 5 not expressed in biofilm cells. A total of 279 proteins changed 1.3-fold or greater in biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells in Sm593, with 12 only expressed in biofilm cells and 2 not expressed in biofilm cells. Two clinical isolations in biofilm cells had three identical protein expressions whose functions were associated with biosynthetic processes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The two clinical isolations in biofilm status have high expression of some special proteins, which are presumed to be key proteins essential for formation of biofilm. The difference of protein expression in biofilm cells of the two clinical isolations may represent their distinct characters.</p>

Effect of the self-etching adhesives system on human pulp fibroblast / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare and evaluate the biocompatibility of three kinds of dentin bonding agents Xeno III (XO), Adper Prompt (AP), Single bond2 (SB) through cell culture in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three kinds of dentin bonding agents (XO, AP, SB) were applied on the surface of the dental slices which were 5.0 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth. By immersing the slices into the DMEM culture medium, the maceration extracts were obtained. Normal dental pulps of teenagers were collected and human pulp fibroblast was cultured using tissue explant method. The fifth generation pulp cells were exposed to culture medium containing different concentrations of maceration extracts (100.0%, 50.0%, 25.0%, 12.5%) for 24, 72, 120 h. At last, MTT method was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dentin bonding agents on human pulp fibroblast.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that all three kinds of dentin bonding systems had cytotoxicity to human pulp fibroblast in different degree in vitro. The cytotoxicity of XO and AP was less than SB. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of cell culture in vitro indicated that total-etching adhesives system has more irritation to pulp than self-etching adhesives system.</p>

The safety and efficiency of fast track surgery in gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety and efficacy of fast track surgery (FTS) management in gastric cancer undergoing D2 gastrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy were recruited prospectively. Patients were assigned to receive FTS management (n = 40) or conventional perioperative care (n = 40). The FTS care included shorten preoperative fasting time, no nasogastric decompressing tubes and abdominal drainage placed, early postoperative oral feeding, multimodal analgesia, and early mobilisation. The length of postoperative hospital stay, medical cost, nutritional status, gut function, and postoperative complications in the two groups were recorded and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FTS group was associated with a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay compared with conventional care group [(5.6 +/- 1.3) d vs. (9.4 +/- 1.9) d, P < 0.05]. Medical cost was less [(18 620 +/- 2360) Yuan vs. (20 370 +/- 2440) Yuan, P < 0.05] and duration of intravenous infusion [(3.5 +/- 1.4) d vs. (5.8 +/- 1.9) d, P < 0.05] was also shorter. First passage of flatus was earlier in FTS group than in conventional care group [(4.3 +/- 0.4) d vs. (5.5 +/- 0.9) d, P < 0.05]. Loss of body weight in the postoperative period was less in FTS group [(3.2 +/- 0.8) kg vs. (4.3 +/- 1.6) kg, P < 0.05]. There was no difference in morbidity or mortality between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FTS in D2 gastrectomy is safe and efficient, and it can shorten postoperative hospital stay and hasten return of gut function.</p>

Technique of detection of hepatitis C core antigen used in safety blood transfusion / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the feasibility to screen donor with HCV infection by means of HCV-cAg ELISA. The first and repeat assays were performed for detection of serum anti-HCV in 8677 donor's serum specimens from January 2003 to December 2005. All serum anti-HCV specimens with positive anti-HCV from first and repeat assays were finally identified by using HCV-cAg ELISA and HCV RT-PCR methods. The results showed that only 5 serum specimens were positive anti-HCV by HCV-cAg ELISA identification in 29 specimens including 15 specimens with positive ant-HCV in first assays and 14 specimens with positive anti-HCV in repeat assays, the positive rate detected by HCV cAg ELISA was 17.24%. 5 serum specimens were positive anti-HCV by HCV RT-PCR detection also in 29 specimens mentioned above, the positive rate detected by HCV RT-PCR was 17.24% too. It is concluded that sensitivity of HCVcAg ELISA is similar to HCV RT-PCR and may be useful for the early diagnosis of hepatitic C or used as a reliable method to screen donor with HCV infection in blood transfusion medicine.